Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and
intricate interactions between different cell types within the affected regions. Reliable …

Eukaryotic cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication.
These vesicles encompass many bio-molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids …

Extracellular vesicles are small membrane structures containing proteins and nucleic acids
that are gaining a lot of attention lately. They are produced by most cells and can be …

Viruses share many attributes in common with extracellular vesicles (EVs). The cellular
machinery that is used for EV production, packaging of substrates and secretion is also …

So far, only two retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(type 1 and 2) and human
T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), have been recognized as pathogenic for humans …

Viral spread by both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses may be mediated by
extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes. These secreted …

Since the discovery of the human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), cellular and animal
models have provided invaluable contributions in the knowledge of viral infection …

The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key players in the intercellular communication is a
subject of growing interest in all areas of physiology and pathophysiology, and the field of …

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) has a large global burden and in some key
communities, such as Indigenous Australians living in remote areas, greater than 45% of …

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ T
lymphocytes caused by human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. HTLV-1 was …