Genes in eukaryotic cells are typically regulated by complex promoters containing multiple
binding sites for a variety of transcription factors, but how promoter dynamics affect …

Gene expression in individual cells is inherently variable and sporadic, leading to cell-to-cell
variability in mRNA and protein levels. Recent single-cell and single-molecule experiments …

Traditional moment-closure methods need to assume that high-order cumulants of a
probability distribution approximate to zero. However, this strong assumption is not satisfied …

Previous studies showed that a higher frequency of bursting results in lower expression
noise whereas a larger size of bursting leads to higher expression noise. Here, we show …

Expression noise results in cell-to-cell variability in expression levels, and feedback
regulation may complicate the tracing of sources of this noise. Using a representative model …

The propagation of rumors must be controlled due to their harm to society. Here, we analyze
a probability master equation model of rumor spreading, which considers a temporal …

Gene expression is inherently noisy, implying that the number of mRNAs or proteins is not
invariant rather than follows a distribution. This distribution can not only provide the exact …

The heterogeneity of stochastic gene expression, which refers to the temporal fluctuation in
a gene product and its cell-to-cell variation, has attracted considerable interest from …

Based on the biological model of complex promoter structure, this paper establishes a
mathematical model, and maps the complex topological structures of promoter into a …

The term robustness provides an intuitive idea about failure or sustainability of a biological
or technical system under uncertainties and rapid changes in the environment of that …