A severe decline in child births has occurred over the past half century, which will lead to
considerable population declines, particularly in industrialized regions. A crucial question is …

It is predicted that Japan and European Union will soon experience appreciable decreases
in their populations due to persistently low total fertility rates (TFR) below replacement level …

Objective Approximately 37% of men of reproductive age smoke cigarettes, with Europe
having the highest tobacco use among all the World Health Organization (WHO) regions …

I metodi qui riportati possono essere utilizzati come procedure operative standard non solo
dai laboratori di andrologia ma da ogni laboratorio che esegua l'esame del liquido …

Context Male infertility is defined as the inability to conceive following 1 year of regular
unprotected intercourse. It is the causative factor in 50% of couples and a leading indication …

BACKGROUND Semen quality is taken as a surrogate measure of male fecundity in clinical
andrology, male fertility, reproductive toxicology, epidemiology and pregnancy risk …

Semen analysis is the first step to identify male factor infertility. Standardized methods of
semen analysis are available allowing accurate assessment of sperm quality and …

Background Present knowledge on the impact of varicoceles on testicular function is largely
based on studies of subfertile and infertile men, making it difficult to extrapolate the impact of …

Even when conditions are optimal, the maximum chance of a clinically recognized
pregnancy occurring in a given menstrual cycle is 30–40%. Increasing evidence points to …

Background It is now 11 years since publication of the WHO 2010 guidelines for semen
assessment values, and it is critical to determine whether they are still valid and/or whether …