Understanding how birds annually allocate energy to cope with changing environmental
conditions and physiological states is a crucial question in avian ecology. There are several …

While considerable evidence exists that extreme climate events such as high temperatures
and drought are becoming more common, there is growing recognition that we have limited …

Using thermography and behavioral analyses, we found that heat exchange and
thermoregulatory behaviors changed seasonally in chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina) …

Climate change is pushing organisms closer to their physiological limits. Animals can
reduce heat exposure–and the associated risks of lethal hyperthermia and dehydration–by …

Temperature and other environmental factors play an integral role in the metabolic
adjustments of animals and drive a series of morphological, physiological, and behavioral …

Small birds inhabiting northern temperate and boreal latitudes typically increase metabolic
rates during cold winters or acclimation to low air temperatures (T accl). Recent studies …

Phenotypic flexibility in avian metabolic rates and body composition have been well-studied
in high-latitude species, which typically increase basal metabolic rate (BMR) and summit …

For endotherms, maintaining body temperature during cold winters is energetically costly.
Greater increase in winter maximum thermogenic capacity (M sum) has typically been …

The climatic variability hypothesis (CVH) posits that more flexible phenotypes should
provide a fitness advantage for organisms experiencing more variable climates. While …

Discrete populations of widely distributed species may inhabit areas with marked differences
in climatic conditions across geographic and seasonal scales, which could result in …