Bones as an alive organ consist of about 70% mineral and 30% organic component. About
200 million people are suffering from osteopenia and osteoporosis around the world. There …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

Background: The contemporary management of ambulatory ulcerative colitis (UC) continues
to be challenging with∼ 20% of children needing a colectomy within childhood years. We …

Few investigators think of bone as an endocrine gland, even after the discovery that
osteocytes produce circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 that targets the kidney and …

Methods: A group of 20 experts in pediatric IBD participated in an iterative consensus
process including 2 face-to-face meetings, following an open call to Nutrition Committee of …

Background Vitamin D plays a role in several immune-mediated diseases, but its
association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. We conducted a systematic …

Fistulating Crohn's disease (CD) comprises fistulae arising in the perianal area, together
with those communicating between the intestine and other organs or the abdominal wall …

Methods: A group of 27 experts in pediatric IBD participated in an iterative consensus
process including 2 face-to-face meetings, following an open call to ESPGHAN and ECCO …

Osteoporosis can result from intestinal inflammation, as is seen with inflammatory bowel
disease. Probiotics, microorganisms that provide a health benefit to the host when ingested …

Background & Aims A better understanding of prognostic factors within the heterogeneous
spectrum of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) should improve patient management and reduce …