Due to their efficient and cleaner operation nature, proton exchange membrane fuel cells
are considered energy conversion devices for various applications including transportation …

Catalyst layer (CL) is the core component of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells,
which determines the performance, durability, and cost. However, difficulties remain for a …

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received great attention as a
potential alternative energy device for internal combustion engines due to their high …

A proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a crucial component in a fuel cell application as a
proton carrier and separator for the anode and cathode. Sulfonated poly (ether ketone …

Low‐temperature fuel cells (LTFCs) are considered to be one of the most promising power
sources for widespread application in sustainable and renewable energy conversion …

Due to rising energy demand and global warming, the world is shifting from nonrenewable
energy to renewable sources, such as fuel cells (FCs), due to their high energy conversion …

Devising cost-effective and high-performance nanocatalysts for the inherently slow oxygen
reduction reaction (ORR) represents a critical hurdle in the commercial improvement of fuel …

The study of nanostructures has become, in recent years, a theme common to many
disciplines, in which scientists and engineers manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular …

A gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the essential components of a membrane electrode
assembly (MEA), which is the core of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) …

Recently, fabricating low-cost and high-performance proton exchange membranes (PEMs)
with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and chitosan (CS) have been extensively studied. Herein, we …