Parallel evolution across replicate populations has provided evolutionary biologists with
iconic examples of adaptation. When multiple populations colonize seemingly similar …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

The generation of variation is paramount for the action of natural selection. Although
biologists are now moving beyond the idea that random mutation provides the sole source of …

Most phylogenetically based statistical methods for the analysis of quantitative or
continuously varying phenotypic traits assume that variation within species is absent or at …

Fish inhabit environments greatly varying in intensity of water velocity, and these flow
regimes are generally believed to be of major evolutionary significance. To what extent does …

Although theory indicates that natural selection can facilitate speciation as a by-product,
demonstrating ongoing speciation via this by-product mechanism in nature has proven …

Understanding the link between ecology and morphology is a fundamental goal in biology.
Ants are diverse terrestrial organisms, known to exhibit ecologically driven morphological …

Evidence of phenotypic parallelism is often used to infer the deterministic role played by
natural selection. However, variation in the extent or direction of divergence is often evident …

Striking evolutionary convergence can lead to similar sets of species in different locations,
such as in cichlid fishes and Anolis lizards, and suggests that evolution can be repeatable …

Parallel and convergent evolution offer some of the most compelling evidence for the
significance of natural selection in evolution, as the emergence of similar adaptive solutions …