The emergence of immunotherapy has been an astounding breakthrough in cancer
treatments. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, have …

Over the past decade, the study of metabolic abnormalities in cancer cells has risen
dramatically. Cancer cells can thrive in challenging environments, be it the hypoxic and …

Tumor metastasis is the major cause of mortality from cancer. Metabolic rewiring and the
metastatic cascade are highly intertwined, co-operating to promote multiple steps of cancer …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to the induction of an immune
suppressive/anergic, tumor permissive environment. MDSCs act as immunosuppression …

Surgical resection is an important avenue for cancer treatment, which, in most cases, can
effectively alleviate the patient symptoms. However, accumulating evidence has …

Background Cancer surgery is necessary and life-saving. However, the majority of patients
develop postoperative recurrence and metastasis, which are the main causes of cancer …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the main suppressive cell population
of the immune system. They play a pivotal role in the establishment of the tumor …

Surgical resection remains the mainstay treatment for solid cancers, especially for localized
disease. However, the postoperative immunosuppression provides a window for cancer cell …

Cancer, a complex and multifactorial disease, presents a significant challenge to global
health. Despite significant advances in surgical, radiotherapeutic and immunological …

Surgical resection continues to be the mainstay treatment for solid cancers even though
chemotherapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient overall survival and …