Microbes can influence the durability of civil engineering structures. Damage caused by
microbes (known as biodeterioration) results in compromised structural integrity causing …

The microbial deterioration of cultural heritage includes physical and chemical damage as
well as aesthetic alteration. With the technological advancement, a plethora of techniques …

Biodeterioration is when living organisms chemically or physically change or alter the
appearance of materials objects. Organisms can colonize and destroy valuable cultural …

Lithobionts (rock-dwelling organisms) have been recognized as agents of aesthetic and
physico-chemical deterioration of stonework. In consequence, their removal from cultural …

All types of building materials are rapidly colonized by microorganisms, initially through an
invisible and then later a visible biofilm that leads to their biodeterioration. Over centuries …

The gradual degradation of technical materials by bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi, is of
great economic and social significance. In temperate climates, microbial colonization is …

Biodeterioration is defined as the alteration of a given substrate due to a combination of
physical and chemical factors produced by living organisms when attached to such …

Rock-based materials exposed to outdoor environments are naturally colonised by an array
of microorganisms, which can cause dissolution and fracturing of the natural stone …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment has attracted increasing attention as an
emerging global threat to public health. Stone is an essential ecosystem in nature and also …

This study evaluated the medium-term performance of some of the most widely used
methods of cleaning stone: dry brushing or washing with water or with an ethanol-water (1 …