An essential component of the human diet, L-tryptophan is critical in a number of metabolic
functions and has been widely used in numerous research and clinical trials. This review …

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by impairing episodes of mania and
depression. Twin studies have established that bipolar disorder is among the most heritable …

Evidence from diverse literatures supports the viewpoint that two modes of self-regulation
exist, a lower-order system that responds quickly to associative cues of the moment and a …

Objectives: The notion that sufferers of bipolar disorder achieve complete syndromal and
functional recovery between illness episodes has been brought into question by evidence …

Objective: Despite effective pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder, we still lack a
comprehensive pathophysiological model of the illness. Recent neurobiological research …

The disability and burden associated with major depression comes only in part from its
affective symptoms; cognitive dysfunctions associated with depression also play a crucial …

The idea that some phenotypes bear a closer relationship to the biological processes that
give rise to psychiatric illness than diagnostic categories has attracted considerable interest …

In recent years, the term serotonergic vulnerability (SV) has been used in scientific literature,
but so far it has not been explicitly defined. This review article attempts to elucidate the SV …

BackgroundPersistent impairments in neurocognitive function have been described in
patients with bipolar disorder whose disease is in remission. However, methodological …

Research aimed at elucidating the underlying neurobiology and genetics of bipolar disorder,
and factors associated with treatment response, have been limited by a heterogeneous …