The safety properties and desirable detonation performance of energetic materials (EMs)
are mutually exclusive, therefore, various strategies including the coating, doping …

Biodiesel synthesis and purification are critical stages in the production process, continually
evolving to address environmental concerns and improve operational efficiency. Currently …

Spent caustic contains a great deal of toxic contaminants including sulfide and other
complex organic compounds. Inefficient and poor management of treatment for spent caustic …

The experimental method for determining treatment efficiency of suspension freeze
crystallization (SFC) on liquid hazardous wastes (LHWs) is accurate but complex, costly and …

Absorptive separation of SO2 from its mixture with air was studied in a semi-batch bubble
column reactor using marble waste (MARWAS) slurry as the absorbent. Scanning electron …

The application of solvent‐aided crystallization (SAC) is based on the addition of a solvent,
here 1‐butanol, to crude biodiesel to catalyze the purification process by separating …

Shortages and lack of sources of clean water is a big issue nowadays. This problem
happens because of the increment of population that leads to the amount of water usage …

After the transesterification process is completed, the resulting product, crude biodiesel,
contains different impurities such as free fatty acids, soap, excess methanol, catalyst …

Wet washing is a widely used method for biodiesel purification. However, this technique
generates a large amount of wastewater that needs to be treated afterward, which is costly …

Treatment and disposal are two main approaches for water cycle management in the oil and
gas industry. Freeze concentration has been identified as one of the methods to separate …