One of the most profound changes in the industrial landscape in the last decade has been
the growth of business ecosystems—groups of connected firms, drawing on (digital) …

The competitive strategies of 'gatekeeper'platforms are subject to enhanced scrutiny. For
instance, Apple and Google are being accused of charging excessive access fees to app …

Cutting through the confusion around the nature and implications of digitalization, this book
explores the rise of the new digital networks, how they affect traditional infrastructure, and …

1. Data is often presented as the new oil of our modern economy. It is the fuel of information
and knowledge creation in an increasingly connected world. In the context of this …

The European Commission has set out to ensure digital markets are “fair and contestable.”
But in a paradigm shift for antitrust enforcement, its proposal would impose special …

Digital platforms such as Google, Facebook, and Microsoft are powerful firms, which benefit
from having substantial resources and central positions in online industries. Although they …

As the European Commission is preparing its Data Act, this new CERRE report provides
concrete recommendations for effective data sharing governance, more specifically when a …

The paper analyses the recent European Commission Proposal for a Digital Markets Act
which will regulate the digital gatekeepers in order to increase market contestability and …

Hybrid marketplaces, such as Amazon's and Zalando's stores or Apple's and Google's app
stores, which distribute their own products and services in competition with those of third …

The e-commerce Directive was adopted in 2000 and has played a key role in the
development of online platforms in Europe. The study assesses the effects of the Directive …