All green plants alternate between the gametophyte and sporophyte life stages, but only
seed‐free vascular plants (ferns and lycophytes) have independent, free‐living …

The nine‐spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) is emerging as a model for evolutionary
biology, genetic, and behavioral research in the wake of its better‐known relative, the three …

Background The marine environment is comprised of numerous divergent organisms living
under similar selective pressures, often resulting in the evolution of convergent structures …

Gravel pit lakes are common across Europe. These novel ecosystems serve as model
systems to study human‐induced and natural colonisation of isolated lakes by fish. Fisheries …

The package Pstat calculates PST values to assess differentiation among populations from a
set of quantitative traits and provides bootstrapped distributions and confidence intervals for …

The immunologically important major histocompatibility complex (MHC) harbors some of the
most polymorphic genes in vertebrates. These genes presumably evolve under parasite …

The evidence for adaptive phenotypic differentiation in mobile marine species remains
scarce, partly due to the difficulty of obtaining quantitative genetic data to demonstrate the …

Adaptation to novel environments can be based either on standing genetic variation or
variation attributable to new mutations. When standing genetic variation for a functional …

Background: Regressive evolution of the pelvic complex has been observed in populations
of three of five stickleback genera, Gasterosteus, Pungitius, and Culaea, from young …

Metabolic responses to temperature changes are crucial for maintaining the energy balance
of an individual under seasonal temperature fluctuations. To understand how such …