Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular
functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the …

Background The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) can stimulate both effector immune cells and
regulatory T (Treg) cells. The ability of selectively engaging either of these effects has …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by complex relations
between stromal, epithelial, and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). To …

Cytokines are a class of potent immunoregulatory proteins that are secreted in response to
various stimuli and act locally to regulate many aspects of human physiology and disease …

Molecular insights into the mechanism of beneficial and adverse effects of interleukin-2 (IL-
2) have resulted in the development of improved IL-2 formulations with IL-2 receptor bias …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the sixth most common cancers
worldwide. More than half of patients with HNSCC eventually experience disease …

About 50% of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ breast cancer patients do
not benefit from HER2-targeted therapy and almost 20% of them relapse after treatment …

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have demonstrated promising
clinical outcomes, durable remissions remain limited. To extend the efficacy of CAR T cells …

T cells are often referred to as the 'guided missiles' of our immune system because of their
capacity to traffic to and accumulate at sites of infection or disease, destroy infected or …

Cancer immunotherapy has dramatically changed the approach to cancer treatment. The
aim of targeting the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells has afforded …