Modern society depends on numerical information, which must be communicated accurately
and effectively. Numerical communication is accomplished in different modalities—speech …

Abstract Representation is typically taken to be importantly separate from its physical
implementation. This is exemplified in Marr's three-level framework, widely cited and often …

This paper describes patterns of number use in spoken and written English and the main
factors that contribute to these patterns. We analysed more than 1.7 million occurrences of …

Predominant psychological theories of number acquisition posit that children acquire natural
number concepts as they acquire the successor principle, or the knowledge that every …

An ideography is a general-purpose code made of pictures that do not encode language,
which can be used autonomously–not just as a mnemonic prop–to encode information on a …

The ability to communicate about exact number is critical to many modern human practices
spanning science, industry, and politics. Although some early numeral systems used 1-to-1 …

Much prior research has investigated how humans understand time using body-based
contrasts like front/back and left/right. It has recently come to light, however, that some …

Cities and Citadels provides an urgent update of archaeology's engagement with economic
theory. Recent events have forced a major reassessment of economic thinking. In the wake …

There are three main types of number used in modern, industrialized societies. Cardinals
count sets (eg, people, objects) and quantify elements of conventional scales (eg, money …

This article argues that if panpsychism is true, then there are grounds for thinking that
digitally-based artificial intelligence (AI) may be incapable of having coherent …