Following nature's design principles, biological entities have evolved to be highly efficient
and multifunctional to maximize all the available materials and structures and to survive in …

There is an emerging quest for lightweight materials with excellent mechanical properties
and economic production, while still being sustainable and functionalizable. They could form …

Although biomimetic designs are expected to play a key role in exploring future structural
materials, facile fabrication of bulk biomimetic materials under ambient conditions remains a …

Natural structural materials are built at ambient temperature from a fairly limited selection of
components. They usually comprise hard and soft phases arranged in complex hierarchical …

Glass has outstanding optical properties, hardness, and durability, but its applications are
limited by its inherent brittleness and poor impact resistance. Lamination and tempering can …

Hard biological materials—for example, seashells, bone or wood—fulfil critical structural
functions and display unique and attractive combinations of stiffness, strength and …

Designing and manufacturing multi-functional, lightweight and high-performance body
armour materials and assemblies have attracted intense attention recently due to fast …

Stronger, tougher, and lighter materials are always among the relentless pursuits of material
scientists and engineers. The hierarchical design inspired by nature has been considered …

Nacre is generally regarded as tough body armor, but it was often smashed by predators
with a certain striking speed. Nacre-like architectures have been demonstrated to dissipate …

Biomimetic material development takes inspiration from biological materials and organisms
that possess extraordinary properties or appearance, such as excellent mechanical strength …