The heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) is the extension of the coronal magnetic field carried
out into the solar system by the solar wind. It is the means by which the Sun interacts with …

The past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle
processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in …

Space weather describes the various processes in the Sun–Earth system that present
danger to human health and technology. The goal of space weather forecasting is to provide …

The context of the term 'geophysics' has changed considerably during the second half of the
past century. Well into the fifties the key interest of non-exploratory non-applied geophysics …

Background Microbial inhabitants of soils are important to ecosystem and planetary
functions, yet there are large gaps in our knowledge of their diversity and ecology. The …

We present a series of models for the plasma properties along open magnetic flux tubes
rooted in solar coronal holes, streamers, and active regions. These models represent the …

Coronal holes are the darkest and least active regions of the Sun, as observed both on the
solar disk and above the solar limb. Coronal holes are associated with rapidly expanding …

The recently created global ionosphere–thermosphere model (GITM) is presented. GITM
uses a three-dimensional spherical grid that can be stretched in both latitude and altitude …

In this paper, we present an update to the open source MPI-AMRVAC simulation toolkit
where we focus on solar and non-relativistic astrophysical magnetofluid dynamics. We …

Abstract A new Mars Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model (M‐GITM) is presented that
combines the terrestrial GITM framework with Mars fundamental physical parameters, ion …