Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older is
positively linked to cognitive and biological degeneration such as physical frailty …

Free radicals are chemical species (atoms, molecules, or ions) containing one or more
unpaired electrons in their external orbitals and generally display a remarkable reactivity …

There is significant evidence that, in living systems, free radicals and other reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species play a double role, because they can cause oxidative damage and …

Byproducts of normal mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis include the buildup of
potentially damaging levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, etc., which must be …

Oxidative stress basically defines a condition in which prooxidant–antioxidant balance in the
cell is disturbed; cellular biomolecules undergo severe oxidative damage, ultimately …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules that are naturally
produced within biological systems. Research has focused extensively on revealing the …

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a
widespread disorder of breathing. This Review focuses on the role of hypoxia-inducible …

Mitochondria have emerged as key participants in and regulators of myocardial injury during
ischemia and reperfusion. This review examines the sites of damage to cardiac …

The molecular origin of standard metabolic rate and thermogenesis in mammals is
examined. It is pointed out that there are important differences and distinctions between the …

Schizophrenia is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress, as reflected by an
increase in the concentrations of damaging reactive species and a reduction in anti-oxidant …