The molecular analysis of limb bud development in vertebrates continues to fuel our
understanding of the gene regulatory networks that orchestrate the patterning, proliferation …

The vertebrate limb with its complex anatomy develops from a small bud of undifferentiated
mesoderm cells encased in ectoderm. The bud has its own intrinsic polarity and can develop …

Distant-acting tissue-specific enhancers, which regulate gene expression, vastly outnumber
protein-coding genes in mammalian genomes, but the functional importance of this …

Lungfishes belong to lobe-fined fish (Sarcopterygii) that, in the Devonian
period,'conquered'the land and ultimately gave rise to all land vertebrates, including …

Enhancers control the location and timing of gene expression and contain the majority of
variants associated with disease,–. The ZRS is arguably the most well-studied vertebrate …

Background and Aims Bowel function requires coordinated activity of diverse enteric neuron
subtypes. Our aim was to define gene expression in these neuron subtypes to facilitate …

Limb patterning by Sonic hedgehog (Shh), via either graded spatial or temporal signal
integration, is a paradigm for" morphogen" function, yet how Shh instructs distinct digit …

Complex regulatory landscapes control the pleiotropic transcriptional activities of
developmental genes. For most genes, the number, location, and dynamics of their …

TBX3, a member of the ancient and evolutionary conserved T-box transcription factor family,
is a critical developmental regulator of several structures including the heart, mammary …

Limb reduction and loss are hallmarks of snake evolution. Although advanced snakes are
completely limbless, basal and intermediate snakes retain pelvic girdles and small …