Scinax is the most species-rich genus of Neotropical treefrogs, with 129 currently recognized
species divided between two major clades, the S. catharinae and S. ruber clades. The S …

The shape and relative size of an ocular lens affect the focal length of the eye, with
consequences for visual acuity and sensitivity. Lenses are typically spherical in aquatic …

Artificial vision systems pervade our daily lives as a foremost sensing apparatus in various
digital technologies, from smartphones to autonomous cars and robotics. The broad range of …

Pupil constriction has important functional consequences for animal vision, yet the
evolutionary mechanisms underlying diverse pupil sizes and shapes are poorly understood …

Photoreceptor oil droplets (ODs) are spherical organelles placed most commonly within the
inner segment of the cone photoreceptors. Comprising neutral lipids, ODs can be either non …

Autonomous robots often rely on monocular cameras for odometry estimation and
navigation. However, the scale ambiguity problem presents a critical barrier to effective …

The highlands of the Guiana Shield (Pantepui) in northern South America harbor a unique
fauna and flora. However, this diversity remains poorly documented, as many Pantepui …

The casque-headed lophyohyline genus Nyctimantis is widespread in South America, being
composed of seven species. A recent molecular and morphological review of the genus …

Iris patterns in the animal kingdom are incredibly variable, with anurans having some of the
most diverse and intricate patterns. Although the shape and colouration of anuran eyes …

Abstract The genus Aplastodiscus (Hylidae) is widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest of
Brazil and adjacent Argentina, and a single species inhabits the Cerrado in Central Brazil …