Recent advances have clarified how the brain detects CO 2 to regulate breathing (central
respiratory chemoreception). These mechanisms are reviewed and their significance is …

Breathing movements in mammals are driven by rhythmic neural activity generated within
spatially and functionally organized brainstem neural circuits comprising the respiratory …

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

The ventral surface of the rostral medulla oblongata has been suspected since the 1960s to
harbor central respiratory chemoreceptors [ie, acid-activated neurons that regulate breathing …

Adequate oxygen supply is essential for the human brain to meet its high energy demands.
Therefore, elaborate molecular and systemic mechanism are in place to enable adaptation …

The key driver of breathing rhythm is the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) whose activity is
modulated by various functional inputs, eg, volitional, physiological, and emotional. While …

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden death of an infant under one year of
age that is typically associated with sleep and that remains unexplained after a complete …

Serotonergic neurons project widely throughout the CNS and modulate many different brain
functions. Particularly important, but controversial, are the contributions of serotonin (5-HT) …

By definition central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs) are cells that are sensitive to
changes in brain PCO2 or pH and contribute to the stimulation of breathing elicited by …

The chemical neuroanatomy of breathing must ultimately encompass all the various
neuronal elements physiologically identified in brainstem respiratory circuits and their …