BACKGROUND The generation and control of coherent electromagnetic waves, such as
those provided by electronic oscillators in the radio frequency domain or lasers in the optical …

A laser frequency comb is a broad spectrum composed of equidistant narrow lines. Initially
invented for frequency metrology, such combs enable new approaches to spectroscopy over …

Over the past decade, optical frequency combs generated by high-Q microresonators, or
optical microcombs, which feature compact device footprints, low power consumption, and …

Dual-comb spectroscopy is an emerging new spectroscopic tool that exploits the frequency
resolution, frequency accuracy, broad bandwidth, and brightness of frequency combs for …

Measurement of optical and vibrational spectra with high resolution provides a way to
identify chemical species in cluttered environments and is of general importance in many …

Frequency combs are optical spectra composed of a set of discrete equally spaced lines.
Such spectra can be generated by diverse sources such as mode-locked lasers, resonators …

Dual-comb spectroscopy is a powerful technique for real-time, broadband optical sampling
of molecular spectra, which requires no moving components. Recent developments with …

Mid-infrared spectroscopy offers supreme sensitivity for the detection of trace gases, solids
and liquids based on tell-tale vibrational bands specific to this spectral region. Here, we …

We review the most recent progress in ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and fiber-
based frequency-comb sources. With the rapid progress in theory, measurement, and …

Ultrafast fibre lasers are fundamental building blocks of many photonic systems used in
industrial and medical applications as well as for scientific research. Here, we review the …