Cancers represent complex ecosystems comprising tumor cells and a multitude of non-
cancerous cells, embedded in an altered extracellular matrix. The tumor microenvironment …

Cell plasticity represents the ability of cells to be reprogrammed and to change their fate and
identity, enabling homeostasis restoration and tissue regeneration following damage. Cell …

Tumor cells do not exist in isolation in vivo, and carcinogenesis depends on the surrounding
tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of a myriad of cell types and biophysical and …

Even among genetically identical cancer cells, resistance to therapy frequently emerges
from a small subset of those cells,,,,,–. Molecular differences in rare individual cells in the …

Cellular senescence represents a distinct cell fate characterized by replicative arrest in
response to a host of extrinsic and intrinsic stresses. Senescence facilitates programming …

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumour microenvironment
with diverse functions, including matrix deposition and remodelling, extensive reciprocal …

Efforts to develop anti-cancer therapies have largely focused on targeting the epithelial
compartment, despite the presence of non-neoplastic stromal components that substantially …

Disseminated cancer cells from primary tumours can seed in distal tissues, but may take
several years to form overt metastases, a phenomenon that is termed tumour dormancy …

Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with age and includes
remodeling of lymphoid organs, leading to changes in the immune function of the elderly …