At present, environmental degradation and the consistently growing population are two main
problems on the planet earth. Fulfilling the needs of this growing population is quite difficult …

Plants offer an alternative to microbial fermentation and animal cell cultures for the
production of recombinant proteins. For protein pharmaceuticals, plant systems are …

Chloroplast DNA sequence data are a versatile tool for plant identification or barcoding and
establishing genetic relationships among plant species. Different chloroplast loci have been …

Genetic transformation has emerged as an important tool for the genetic improvement of
valuable plants by incorporating new genes with desirable traits. These strategies are useful …

The plastid genome (plastome) has proved a valuable source of data for evaluating
evolutionary relationships among angiosperms. Through basic and applied approaches …

Chloroplasts are ideal hosts for expression of transgenes. Transgene integration into the
chloroplast genome occurs via homologous recombination of flanking sequences used in …

Biodegradable plastics are those that can be completely degraded in landfills, composters
or sewage treatment plants by the action of naturally occurring micro-organisms. Truly …

We have sequenced two complete chloroplast genomes in the Asteraceae, Helianthus
annuus (sunflower), and Lactuca sativa (lettuce), which belong to the distantly related …

In the past two decades, chloroplast genetic engineering has been advanced to achieve
high‐level protein accumulation but not for down‐regulation of targeted genes. Therefore, in …

Lack of complete chloroplast genome sequences is still one of the major limitations to
extending chloroplast genetic engineering technology to useful crops. Therefore, we …