Scandium is a critical metal in increasing demand for modern technologies, such as light-
weight aluminum-scandium alloys. Evaluating current and identifying new sources of the …

Rare earth elements (REE) are indispensable to infrastructure, technology, and modern
lifestyles, which has led to an increasing demand for these elements. The current global rare …

What does it mean for the future of the planet when one of the world's most durable
authoritarian governance systems pursues “ecological civilization”? Despite its staggering …

Rare earths elements (REE) are considered as strategic resources because they interact
with business and governments' direct policy interventions. Policy interventions can have a …

The unique properties of rare earth elements (REEs) and lack of alternatives for their
application in modern technologies, especially electronics and fast growing green …

Natural resources underpin the foundation of human activity. Individuals and organizations
consume vast amounts of natural resources as a matter of routine without much cognizance …

This paper analyzes the mineral resource definitions from the exploration boom that
followed the rare earth element (REE) price peak of 2011, and finds that 1. the delineated …

Rare earth elements (REEs) have become increasingly important metals used in modern
technology. Processes including mining, oil refining, discarding of obsolete equipment …

Energy policies are strongly influenced by resource availability and recoverability estimates.
Yet these estimates are often highly uncertain, frequently incommensurable, and regularly …

This article examines the dependence of the European Union's solar and wind industries on
Chinese supply of five critical raw materials: tellurium, gallium, indium, and the rare earths …