Phosphate rocks are a vital resource for world food supply and security. They are the
primary raw material for phosphoric acid and fertilizers used in agriculture, and are …

Abstract The Paleoproterozoic (2.5–1.6 Ga) Era is a decisive time in Earth and life history.
The paleobiological record (microfossils, stromatolites, biomarkers and isotopes) illustrates …

Microbes form mats with architectures that promote efficient metabolism within a particular
physicochemical environment, thus studying mat structure helps us understand …

The geological timescale before 720 Ma uses rounded absolute ages rather than specific
events recorded in rocks to subdivide time. This has led increasingly to mismatches between …

Despite the historical and economic significance of banded iron formations (BIFs), we have
yet to resolve the formation mechanisms. On modern Earth, neutrophilic microaerophilic Fe …

The microbial origin of Precambrian iron formations is debated due to the lack of direct fossil
evidence. In order to reveal the genesis of ironstones under low-oxygen levels, integrative …

Fossil microbiotas are rare in the early rock record, limiting the type of ecological information
extractable from ancient microbialites. In the absence of body fossils, emphasis may instead …

Indian Proterozoic geology includes a group of less disturbed and unmetamorphosed
platformal sediment packages hosted within cratonic nucleii of Peninsular India and offers …

Modern marine hydrothermal vents occur in a wide variety of tectonic settings and are
characterized by seafloor emission of fluids rich in dissolved chemicals and rapid mineral …

Bacterial participation in the formation of ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) mineral deposits is highly
debated, as the precipitation of metals could occur by both chemical and biologically …