How and where did life on Earth originate? To date, various environments have been
proposed as plausible sites for the origin of life. However, discussions have focused on a …

The origin of life is a fascinating, unresolved problem whose deciphering would have
important scientific, epistemological and social implications. Over time, philosophers and …

The chemistry of abiotic nucleotide synthesis of RNA and DNA in the context of their
prebiotic origins on early earth is a continuing challenge. How did (or how can) the …

All cells contain much more potassium, phosphate, and transition metals than modern (or
reconstructed primeval) oceans, lakes, or rivers. Cells maintain ion gradients by using …

The widespread presence of ribonucleic acid (RNA) catalysts and cofactors in the Earth′ s
biosphere today suggests that RNA was the first biopolymer to support Darwinian evolution …

The complexity of life boils down to the definition:“self-sustained chemical system capable of
undergoing Darwinian evolution”(Joyce, 1994)[1]. The term “self-sustained” implies a set of …

The Miller–Urey experiments pioneered modern research on the molecular origins of life,
but their actual relevance in this field was later questioned because the gas mixture used in …

Liquid formamide has been irradiated by high-energy proton beams in the presence of
powdered meteorites, and the products of the catalyzed resulting syntheses were analyzed …

In this review, I describe various natural manifestations of purine systems, ie, methylated,
higher‐alkylated, and glycosylated forms. These comprise the purine alkaloids, cytokinines …

Life is believed to have originated on Earth∼ 4.4–3.5 Ga ago, via processes in which
organic compounds supplied by the environment self-organized, in some geochemical …