With the growing number of deployments of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure for a wide
variety of applications, the battery maintenance has become a major limitation for the …

Building occupancy is of great importance for energy efficient control of buildings. A large
number of works have been developed for the estimation and detection of building …

Situation-aware technologies enabled by multitarget tracking will lead to new services and
applications in fields such as autonomous driving, indoor localization, robotic networks, and …

In the last four decades several methods have been used to model occupants' presence and
actions (OPA) in buildings according to different purposes, available computational power …

In this review paper, we have discussed the existing state-of-the-art practices of improved
intelligent features, controlling parameters and Internet of things (IoT) infrastructure required …

Passenger counting is crucial for many applications such as vehicle scheduling and traffic
capacity assessment. However, most of the existing solutions are either high-cost, privacy …

Building occupants are often assumed to follow deterministic schedules in building
performance simulation programs. Therefore, to accurately capture the dynamic nature of …

Energy simulation results for buildings have significantly deviated from actual consumption
because of the uncertainty and randomness of occupant behavior. Such differences are …

Precise occupancy information is extremely valuable for energy savings and optimization in
the built environment. Building management systems (BMSs) can automatically turn off the …

This paper developed an indoor occupancy estimator with which we can estimate the
number of real-time indoor occupants based on the carbon dioxide (CO 2) measurement …