Aim We systematically reviewed the literature on the influence of low and moderate amounts
of prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure on early child development. This paper also …

Importance Children who receive a diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder may have a
characteristic facial appearance in addition to neurodevelopmental impairment. It is not well …

Background This paper presents drinking patterns in a prospective study of a population-
based cohort of 1570 pregnant women using a combination of dose and timing to give best …

This study sought to determine data collection approaches in Australian cohort studies and
explore the potential impact on reported prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) prevalence and …

Evidence is strong for adverse fetal effects of high level or chronic prenatal alcohol exposure
(PAE), but many pregnant women continue to drink at lower levels. The 'Asking Questions …

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) contributes to poor birth outcomes, in part
through disrupted placental functions, which may be reflected in the placental epigenome …

Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) is associated with increased
neonatal morbidity, as well as with pregnancy complications and metabolic outcomes in …

Aim: Epigenetic changes, in particular in the placenta, may mediate the effects of prenatal
alcohol exposure (PAE) on children's health. We examined the relationship between PAE …

Background: Binge-level prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes developmental
abnormalities, which may be mediated in part by epigenetic mechanisms. Despite this, few …

Accurate information on dose, frequency and timing of maternal alcohol consumption is
critically important when investigating fetal risks from prenatal alcohol exposure …