Native fluorescence, or autofluorescence (AF), consists in the emission of light in the UV-
visible, near-IR spectral range when biological substrates are excited with light at suitable …

Polarization is a fundamental property of light and a powerful sensing tool that has been
applied to many areas. A Mueller matrix is a complete mathematical description of the …

This tutorial-review introduces the fundamentals of polarized light interaction with biological
tissues and presents some of the recent key polarization optical methods that have made …

Recently, with the emergence of new light sources, polarization devices, and detectors,
together with a prominent increase in data processing capability, polarization techniques …

Linearly polarized light that illuminates skin is backscattered by superficial layers and rapidly
depolarized by birefringent collagen fibers. It is possible to distinguish such superficially …

Noninvasive and real-time analysis of skin properties is useful in a wide variety of
applications. In particular, the quantitative assessment of skin in terms of hemoglobin and …

More than 85% of all cancers originate in the epithelium that lines the internal surfaces of
organs throughout the body. Although these are readily treatable provided they are …

Frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) is a noninvasive optical technique that utilizes
intensity-modulated, near-infrared (NIR) light to quantitatively measure optical properties in …

Diffuse reflectance spectra were collected from adenomatous colon polyps (cancer
precursors) and normal colonic mucosa of patients undergoing colonoscopy. We analyzed …

Fiber optic probes are a key element for biomedical spectroscopic sensing. We review the
use of fiber optic probes for optical spectroscopy, focusing on applications in turbid media …