Many birds reduce rest-phase energy demands through heterothermy, physiological
responses involving facultative, reversible reductions in metabolic rate and body …

Hummingbirds have two main foraging strategies: territoriality (defending a patch of flowers)
and traplining (foraging over routine circuits of isolated patches). Species are often classified …

One of the reasons why flowering plants became the most diverse group of land plants is
their association with animals to reproduce. The earliest examples of this mutualism …

Hummingbirds save energy by facultatively entering torpor, but the physiological
mechanisms underlying this metabolic suppression are largely unknown. We compared …

Females and males can exhibit striking differences in body size, relative trait size,
physiology, and behavior. As a consequence, the sexes can have very different rates of …

In a seasonal world, organisms are continuously adjusting physiological processes relative
to local environmental conditions. Owing to their limited heat and fat storage capacities …

For reproducing animals, maintaining energy balance despite thermoregulatory challenges
is important for surviving and successfully raising offspring. This is especially apparent in …

Climate change is transforming bioenergetic landscapes, challenging behavioral and
physiological coping mechanisms. A critical question involves whether animals can adjust …

Small endothermic mammals have high metabolisms, particularly at cold temperatures. In
the light of this, some species have evolved a seemingly illogical strategy: they reduce the …

Activity patterns are a key component of avian life history and behavior, and decisions about
how activity periods are structured can have important fitness implications. Despite the …