Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

Numerous observational studies have suggested that there is a correlation between the
level of serum vitamin D and MS risk and disease activity. To explore this hypothesis, a …

Neurological diseases are frequently associated with swallowing disorders and malnutrition.
Moreover, patients with neurological diseases are at increased risk of micronutrient …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease affecting the central
nervous system (CNS). The onset of MS has been typically observed in individuals aged …

It is now generally accepted that vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem that
affects not only musculoskeletal health but also a wide range of acute and chronic diseases …

Vitamin D metabolizing enzymes and vitamin D receptors are present in many cell types
including various immune cells such as antigen-presenting-cells, T cells, B cells and …

Although genetic susceptibility explains the clustering of multiple sclerosis (MS) within
families and the sharp decline in risk with increasing genetic distance, it cannot fully explain …

Importance It remains unclear whether vitamin D insufficiency, which is common in
individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), has an adverse effect on MS outcomes. Objectives …

Background Available evidence on the effects of vitamin D on mortality has been
inconclusive. In a recent systematic review, we found evidence that vitamin D 3 may …

Over the last decades, a central role for vitamin D in immune modulation has been well
established. The active form of vitamin D, ie, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, through the …