Numerous studies have recently reported on the discovery of bee viruses in different
arthropod species and their possible transmission routes, vastly increasing our …

Highlights•Two-fold increase in the proportion of global change publications in the last 30
years.•Restore and protect bee habitats (network of 'green infrastructure'for foraging and …

Pollinator reductions can leave communities less diverse and potentially at increased risk of
infectious diseases. Species-rich plant and bee communities have high species turnover …

Infectious diseases are a primary driver of bee decline worldwide, but limited understanding
of how pathogens are transmitted hampers effective management. Flowers have been …

Floral nectar is prone to colonization by nectar-adapted yeasts and bacteria via air-, rain-,
and animal-mediated dispersal. Upon colonization, microbes can modify nectar chemical …

Multiple global change pressures, and their interplay, cause plant–pollinator extinctions and
modify species assemblages and interactions. This may alter the risks of pathogen host …

In light of bee declines, the importance of pollination services from managed and native
bees to our agriculture and economy is of great political, scientific and public interest …

The plant kingdom produces an extraordinary diversity of secondary metabolites and the
majority of the literature supports a defensive ecological role for them, particularly against …

RNA viruses, once considered specific to honey bees, are suspected of spilling over from
managed bees into wild pollinators; however, transmission routes are largely unknown. A …

Pathogen spillover from managed bees is increasingly considered as a possible cause of
pollinator decline. Though spillover has been frequently documented, evidence of the …