Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of
cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was …

Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

To date, no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19
and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments. Therefore, based on the fast …

It has been widely known that oxidative stress disrupts the balance between reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and the antioxidant system in the body. During pregnancy, the physiological …

Recent advances in the pathophysiologic understanding of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) suggests that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) has an association with the …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized
by cognitive decline and the presence of two core pathologies, amyloid β plaques and …

Recent research on the gut microbiome has revealed the influence of gut microbiota (GM)
on ischemic stroke pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Alterations in the diversity …

While the root causes for individual neurodegenerative diseases are distinct, many shared
pathological features and mechanisms contribute to neurodegeneration across diseases …

In recent years, the study of oxidative stress (OS) has become increasingly popular. In
particular, the role of OS on female fertility is very important and has been focused on …

Inflammasomes are multiprotein signalling platforms that control the inflammatory response
and coordinate antimicrobial host defences. They are assembled by pattern-recognition …