Polymeric materials produced from fossil fuels have been intimately linked to the
development of industrial activities in the 20th century and, consequently, to the …

Commercial mushrooms are produced on lignocellulose such as straw, saw dust, and wood
chips. As such, mushroom-forming fungi convert low-quality waste streams into high-quality …

Biological living materials, such as animal bones and plant stems, are able to self-heal,
regenerate, adapt and make decisions under environmental pressures. Despite recent …

Symmetric shapes and patterns are fascinating and preferred by humans as symmetric
stimuli of any kind are more easily processed by the visual systems than their asymmetric …

Actinobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria with high G+ C DNA content that constitute one of
the largest bacterial phyla, and they are ubiquitously distributed in both aquatic and …

Fungi possess the biochemical and ecological capacity to degrade environmental organic
chemicals and to decrease the risk associated with metals, metalloids and radionuclides …

Background Mycoparasitism, a lifestyle where one fungus is parasitic on another fungus,
has special relevance when the prey is a plant pathogen, providing a strategy for biological …

The endospore‐forming rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis–the model system for Gram‐
positive organisms, is able to produce more than two dozen antibiotics with an amazing …

The genus Aspergillus represents a diverse group of fungi that are among the most
abundant fungi in the world. Germination of a spore can lead to a vegetative mycelium that …

Spore formation by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis has long been studied as a model for
cellular differentiation, but predominantly as a single cell. When analyzed within the context …