Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the largest enzyme family involved in NADPH-and/or O2-
dependent hydroxylation reactions across all the domains of life. In plants and animals …

The overuse of antibiotics in the past decades has led to the emergence of a large number
of drug-resistant microorganisms. In recent years, the infection rate caused by multidrug …

Lignin is the generic term for a large group of aromatic polymers resulting from the oxidative
combinatorial coupling of 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoids (Boerjan et al., 2003; Ralph et al …

The lignin biosynthetic pathway has been studied for more than a century but has
undergone major revisions over the past decade. Significant progress has been made in …

Vascular plants appeared~ 410 million years ago, then diverged into several lineages of
which only two survive: the euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and the lycophytes. We …

Plant carotenoids are a family of pigments that participate in light harvesting and are
essential for photoprotection against excess light. Furthermore, they act as precursors for the …

Plants elaborate a vast array of natural products, many of which have evolved to confer
selective advantage against microbial attack. Recent advances in molecular technology …

Advances in the flavonoid field have been nothing short of spectacular over the last 20
years. While the medical field has noticed flavonoids for their potential antioxidant …

Cytochrome P450 proteins, named for the absorption band at 450 nm of their carbon-
monoxide-bound form, are one of the largest superfamilies of enzyme proteins. The P450 …

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily is the largest enzymatic protein family in plants,
and it also widely exists in mammals, fungi, bacteria, insects and so on. Members of this …