Convective parameterization is the long-lasting bottleneck of global climate modelling and
one of the most difficult problems in atmospheric sciences. Uncertainty in convective …

A simplified cumulus parameterization scheme, suitable for use in GCMs, is presented. This
parameterization is based on a plume ensemble concept similar to that originally proposed …

Simulation results of global aerosol models have been assembled in the framework of the
AeroCom intercomparison exercise. In this paper, we analyze the life cycles of dust, sea salt …

Results are presented from the latest version of the Hadley Centre climate model, HadAM3
(Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model version 3). It represents a significant improvement over …

Middle atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) must employ a parameterization for
small-scale gravity waves (GWs). Such parameterizations typically make very simple …

An earth system model has been developed at Beijing Normal University (Beijing Normal
University Earth System Model, BNU-ESM); the model is based on several widely evaluated …

Equilibrium climate sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4)
is 3.20° C for 1° horizontal resolution in each component. This is about a half degree Celsius …

Transport of momentum by convection is an important process affecting global circulation.
Owing to the lack of global observations, the quantification of the impact of this process on …

Diagnostics derived from cloud‐resolving‐model simulations in part I of this study, relating to
the vertical transport of horizontal momentum by convection, are used to develop a …

The California drought of 2012–2016 was a record‐breaking event with extensive social,
political, and economic repercussions. The impacts were widespread and exposed the …