Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens and pests, and thus have a
sophisticated immune system to ward off these threats, which otherwise can have …

Plants are sessile organisms that are under constant attack from microbes. They rely on both
preformed defenses, and their innate immune system to ward of the microbial pathogens …

Plants cannot move to escape environmental challenges. Biotic stresses result from a
battery of potential pathogens: fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insects intercept the …

The Arabidopsis genome contains∼ 200 genes that encode proteins with similarity to the
nucleotide binding site and other domains characteristic of plant resistance proteins …

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola cause bacterial
blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice (Oryza sativa), which constrain production of this staple …

Rice expressing the Pi-ta gene is resistant to strains of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe
grisea, expressing AVR-Pita in a gene-for-gene relationship. Pi-ta encodes a putative …

▪ Abstract Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that transpose through reverse
transcription of an RNA intermediate. Retrotransposons are ubiquitous in plants and play a …

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are a family of transmembrane proteins with versatile N-
terminal extracellular domains and C-terminal intracellular kinases. They control a wide …

Many disease resistance (R) proteins of plants detect the presence of disease-causing
bacteria, viruses, or fungi by recognizing specific pathogen effector molecules that are …

Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are transmembrane proteins with putative amino-terminal
extracellular domains and carboxyl-terminal intracellular kinase domains, with striking …