The physics of quantum materials is dictated by many-body interactions and mathematical
concepts such as symmetry and topology that have transformed our understanding of matter …

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, which usually
manifests as abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia. The disease often recurs and is …

Transient transfection of chemically synthesized microRNA (miRNA) mimics is being used
extensively to study the functions and mechanisms of endogenous miRNAs. However, it …

MicroRNAs (MiR, MiRNA) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that play an
important role in the regulation of gene expression. MircoRNAs exert their effect by binding …

The germinal center (GC) response is essential for generating memory B and long-lived Ab-
secreting plasma cells during the T cell–dependent immune response. In the GC, signals via …

Antibody‐secreting cells (ASC) are the effectors of protective humoral immunity and the only
cell type that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins in mammals. In addition to their …

Terminally differentiated B cell, the plasma cell, is the sole cell type capable of producing
antibodies in our body. Over the past 30 years, the identification of many key molecules …

Highlights•Competition for Tfh drives GC B cell proliferation, mutation and affinity
maturation.•Relationship between IgA memory, the microbiota and maternally transmitted …

During an immune response, the duration of T cell residence in lymphoid and non‐lymphoid
tissues likely affects T cell activation, differentiation, and memory development. The factors …

Loss of B cell tolerance is central to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE). As such, the mechanisms involved in B cell development, maturation …