Live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are the tools
being used to achieve eradication of wild polio virus. Because OPV can rarely cause …

Background Vaccine supply shortages are of global concern. We hypothesise that
intradermal (ID) immunisation as an alternative to standard routes might augment vaccine …

Background. Three full doses of RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine provides partial protection
against controlled human malaria parasite infection (CHMI) and natural exposure …

In 2019, an 'influenza pandemic'and 'vaccine hesitancy'were listed as two of the top 10
challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its …

Background Novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) was used to control an outbreak
of type 2 circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) in Tajikistan, in 2021. We …

The production of inflammatory proteins by the innate immune system is a tightly
orchestrated procedure that allows the body to efficiently respond to exogenous and …

Since the approval of the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) in 1986, a huge effort has been
made to guarantee safety and efficacy of therapeutic mAbs. As of July 2021, 118 mAbs are …

Background: Extensive efforts have been made in optimizing monoclonal immunoglobulin
(Ig) G antibodies for use in clinical practice. Accumulating evidence suggests that IgA or anti …

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is efficacious against paralytic disease, but its effect on
mucosal immunity is debated. We assessed the efficacy of IPV in boosting mucosal …

Introduction Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) introduction and phased oral poliovirus
vaccine (OPV) cessation are essential for eradication of polio. Methods Healthy 6-week old …