The constant interest in handling, integrating and understanding biological systems of
interest for the biomedical field, the pharmaceutical industry and the biomaterial researchers …

Proteins are synthesized by the ribosome and generally must fold to become functionally
active. Although it is commonly assumed that the ribosome affects the folding process, this …

Owing to their extraordinary electrical, chemical, optical, mechanical and structural
properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials (mainly including graphene, boron nitride, MoS 2 …

Optical trapping is a powerful manipulation and measurement technique widely used in the
biological and materials sciences,,,,,,,. Miniaturizing optical trap instruments onto optofluidic …

Terminase enzyme complexes, which facilitate ATP-driven DNA packaging in phages and in
many eukaryotic viruses, constitute a wide and potentially diverse family of molecular motors …

Molecular motors drive genome packaging into preformed procapsids in many double-
stranded (ds) DNA viruses. Here, we present optical tweezers measurements of single DNA …

Optical traps or" tweezers" use high-power, near-infrared laser beams to manipulate and
apply forces to biological systems, ranging from individual molecules to cells. Although …

In many viruses, DNA is confined at such high density that its bending rigidity and
electrostatic self-repulsion present a strong energy barrier in viral assembly. Therefore, a …

During the assembly of many viruses, a powerful molecular motor compacts the genome into
a preassembled capsid. Here, we present measurements of viral DNA packaging in …

Many viruses use molecular motors that generate large forces to package DNA to near-
crystalline densities inside preformed viral proheads. Besides being a key step in viral …