Metabolic syndrome (MetS) forms a cluster of metabolic dysregulations including insulin
resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. The pathogenesis …

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness about sex-specific differences
in immunity and outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong evidence of a male bias …

Most complex human traits differ by sex, but we have limited insight into the underlying
mechanisms. Here, we investigated the influence of biological sex on protein expression …

Males and females differ in their immunological responses to foreign and self-antigens and
show distinctions in innate and adaptive immune responses. Certain immunological sex …

Both sex (ie, biological differences) and gender (ie, social or cultural influences) impact
vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. Clinical data illustrate that among children …

Autoimmune diseases are a range of diseases in which the immune response to self-
antigens results in damage or dysfunction of tissues. Autoimmune diseases can be systemic …

Biological sex differences refer to differences between males and females caused by the sex
chromosome complement (that is, XY or XX), reproductive tissues (that is, the presence of …

Serum levels of liver enzymes, such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and
α-fetoprotein, provide insight into liver function and are used during treatment of liver …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to play important roles in cell-cell communication.
Here we investigated the role of muscle-derived EVs and their microRNAs in the loss of …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension forms the first and most severe of the 5 categories of
pulmonary hypertension. Disease pathogenesis is driven by progressive remodeling of …