Hysteresis loops are phenomena that sometimes are encountered in the analysis of
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships spanning from pre-clinical to clinical …

Traditionally, opioids have been administered as fixed doses at fixed dose intervals. This
approach has been largely ineffective. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and upgraded …

Commonly used general anaesthetics cause a decrease in the spectral entropy of the
electroencephalogram as the patient transits from the conscious to the unconscious state …

Background The potential benefit of propofol dose regimens that use physiologic
pharmacokinetic modeling to target the brain has been demonstrated in animals, but no data …

Background Evidence suggests that the rate at which intravenous anesthetics are infused
may influence their plasma-effect site equilibration. The authors used five different rates of …

Abstract Background. Propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol) is a widely used general anaesthetic
that modulates γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, the major inhibitory …

Propofol and dexmedetomidine are very commonly used sedative agents. However, several
case reports demonstrated cardiovascular adverse effects of these two sedatives. Both …

Drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzymes are expressed in the liver, as well as
in extrahepatic tissues such as the brain. Here we show for the first time that drug …

Advances in electroencephalogram (EEG) processing have produced new interest in
measuring anesthesia using the EEG. There are a number of EEG‐based anesthesia …

Ventilatory effects at induction of anaesthesia were studied following intubation in 66 dogs
anaesthetised using thiopentone (10 mg/kg) or propofol (4 mg/kg, Injected rapidly or 4 …