Sound propagation predictions for ice-covered ocean acoustic environments do not match
observational data: received levels in nature are less than expected, suggesting that the …

A three-dimensional (3D) finite difference (FD) model with formal fourth-order accuracy has
been developed for the ocean acoustic Helmholtz equation (HE), which can be used to …

This chapter presents some common sound propagation modeling methods: ray tracing,
wave number integration, normal-mode expansion, parabolic equation approximation, and …

Several problems of current interest involve elastic bottom range-dependent ocean
environments with buried or earthquake-type sources, specifically oceanic T-wave …

Parabolic equation (PE) method is an efficient tool for modelling underwater sound
propagation, particularly for problems involving range dependence. Since the PE method …

The propagation prediction research has mainly focused on studying the radio propagation
models in urban or rural land areas. In this paper, we extend a method for 950 MHz …

The seafloor is considered to be a thin surface layer overlying an elastic half space. In
addition to layers of this type being thin, they may also have shear wave speeds that can be …

During the half century of the cold war (1945-1989), arctic acoustic propagation was a field
of extensive measurements (Diachok, 1976; Lynch et al., 1987; Sutton et al., 1993; …

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to obtain high-quality data for acoustic
propagation in shallow water waveguides with sloping elastic bottoms. Accurate modeling of …

Current parabolic equation methods for acoustic propagation in elastic sediments are based
on the (ur, w) formulation of elasticity which is stable when used with rotated variable …