Metabolite lactic acid has always been regarded as a metabolic by-product rather than a
bioactive molecule. Recently, this view has changed since it was discovered that lactic acid …

Consumption of probiotics as a useful functional food improves the host's wellbeing, and,
when paired with prebiotics (indigestible dietary fibre/carbohydrate), often benefits the host …

Diet-induced obesity is one of the major public health concerns all over the world, and
obesity also contributes to the development of other chronic diseases such as non-alcoholic …

WVSPLAGRT (H2) and IGFLIIWV (H3) are two transepithelial transported intestinal peptides
obtained from the hydrolysis of hempseed protein with pepsin, which exert antioxidant …

Immunomodulatory commensal bacteria modify host immunity through delivery of regulatory
microbial-derived products to host cells. Extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) secreted …

Alcohol‐induced liver injury implicates inflammation and oxidative stress as important
mediators. Despite rigorous research, there is still no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) …

Colitis severely affects the quality of life of patients, and lactic acid bacteria have been
reported to be able to improve or treat colitis. In this study, we selected a strain of …

Background Current therapies for alcohol-induced liver injury are of limited efficacy and
associated with significant side effects. With the proposed pathophysiology of alcohol …

Macrophages, as highly heterogeneous and plastic immune cells, occupy a pivotal role in
both pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) responses. While M1-type …

Centering around the concept that metabolites from the gut commensals can exert metabolic
health benefits along the gut–liver axis, we tested whether the cell-free global metabolome …