Functions and properties of native peptides vary from highly specific antibiotics or cytotoxic
antitumor drugs, to hormones, neurotransmitters, immunomodulators, etc. Despite their …

The remarkable complexity of globular protein structures was first revealed about half a
century ago, when the crystal structure of myoglobin was determined at 2.4 Å. 1 In the …

This review gives a historical perspective, summarizing approximately 25 years of research
on opioids. The “typical” opioid peptides produced in the brain,“atypical” opioids encrypted …

Strong opioid analgesics, including morphine, are the mainstays for treating moderate to
severe acute pain and alleviating chronic cancer pain. However, opioid-related adverse …

Despite various advantages, opioid peptides have been limited in their therapeutic uses due
to the main drawbacks in metabolic stability, blood-brain barrier permeability, and …

In this paper we describe the synthesis and affinity toward the μ-opioid receptor of some
tetrapeptides obtained from endomorphin-1, H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2 (1), by substituting …

The search for new peptides to be used as analgesics in place of morphine has been mainly
directed to develop peptide analogues or peptidomimetics having higher biological stability …

The application of endomorphins as clinical available analgesic drugs has been impeded by
their relatively poor receptor selectivity compared with alkaloid analgesics, rapid …

Centrally acting plant opiates, such as morphine, are the most frequently used analgesics for
the relief of severe pain, even though their undesired side effects are serious limitation to …

The enantioseparation of five fluorinated β-phenylalanine analogs together with the
nonfluorinated α-and β-phenylalanines has been investigated utilizing chiral stationary …