According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial
endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼ 16 kb …

The life of eukaryotic cells requires the transport of lipids between membranes, which are
separated by the aqueous environment of the cytosol. Vesicle-mediated traffic along the …

Since the discovery of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) as an important pivot for
cytosolic DNA sensation and interferon (IFN) induction, intensive efforts have been …

Mitophagy mediated by the recessive Parkinson's disease genes PINK1 and Parkin
responds to mitochondrial damage to preserve mitochondrial function. In the pathway …

Efforts to understand how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration have
primarily focussed on the role of mitochondria in neuronal energy metabolism. However …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly implicated in the etiology of idiopathic and genetic
Parkinson's disease (PD). However, strategies aimed at ameliorating mitochondrial …

The understanding of lysosomes has come a long way since the initial discovery of their role
in degrading cellular waste. The lysosome is now recognized as a highly dynamic organelle …

The cGAS–STING pathway is an evolutionarily conserved immune signaling pathway critical
for microbial defense. Unlike other innate immune pathways that largely rely on stationary …

VPS13 is a eukaryotic lipid transport protein localized at membrane contact sites. Previous
studies suggested that it may transfer lipids between adjacent bilayers by a bridge-like …

The accumulation of proteinaceous inclusions in the brain is a common feature among
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), and …