Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Water is a fundamental molecule in the universe. On Earth, water exists in all three phases:
gas, liquid, and solid (ice). Liquid water facilitates many chemical reactions as a solvent …

Context. Water is a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star and planet formation,
but it is difficult to observe from Earth. The Herschel Space Observatory provided …

The σ Orionis cluster is important for studying protoplanetary disk evolution, as its
intermediate age (∼ 3–5 Myr) is comparable to the median disk lifetime. We use ALMA to …

Flattened, rotating disks of cool dust and gas extending for tens to hundreds of astronomical
units are found around almost all low-mass stars shortly after their birth. These disks …

Context. An era has started in which gas and dust can be observed independently in
protoplanetary disks, thanks to the recent surveys with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub …

We report observations of resolved C 2 H emission rings within the gas-rich protoplanetary
disks of TW Hya and DM Tau using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. In each case the …

Icy bodies may have delivered the oceans to the early Earth, yet little is known about water
in the ice-dominated regions of extrasolar planet-forming disks. The Heterodyne Instrument …

Context. Water is a key tracer of dynamics and chemistry in low-mass star-forming regions,
but spectrally resolved observations have so far been limited in sensitivity and angular …

Since the discovery of the first extrasolar planet around a solartype star, 1 more than 900
such planets outside of our solar system have been detected by ground-and space-based …