Virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (XR)
are examples of immersive technologies that have the potential to improve medical practice …

Medicine is a rapidly-evolving discipline, with progress picking up pace with each passing
decade. This constant evolution results in the introduction of new tools and methods, which …

The applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, to the field of
spine surgery continue to grow in number and scope especially in recent years as improved …

Background: Simulation-based techniques using three-dimensional models are gaining
popularity in neurosurgical training. Most pre-existing models are expensive, so we felt a …

Objective Applications of three‐dimensional (3D) printed models in medicine include
preprocedure planning, patient education, and clinical training. Reproducing complex …

The current simulation technology used for neurosurgical training leaves much to be
desired. Significant efforts are thoroughly exhausted in hopes of developing simulations that …

Background Neurosurgical residents are finding it more difficult to obtain experience as the
primary operator in aneurysm surgery. The present study aimed to replicate patient-derived …

The methods of additive manufacturing of anatomical models are widely used in medical
practice, including physician support, education and planning of treatment procedures. The …

Background The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in neurosurgery has become more
prominent in recent years for surgical training, preoperative planning, and patient education …

Learning the endless intricacies of operative neurosurgical anatomy requires that surgeons
complement their intraoperative experiences with a variety of educational resources. In the …