Most global aerosol models approximate dust as spherical particles, whereas most remote
sensing retrieval algorithms approximate dust as spheroidal particles with a shape …

Global climate models (GCMs) are challenged by difficulties in simulating cloud phase and
cloud radiative effect over the Southern Ocean (SO). Some of the new‐generation GCMs …

Southern Ocean (SO) low‐level mixed phase clouds have been a long‐standing challenge
for Earth system models to accurately represent. While improvements to the Community …

Biological nitrogen fixation is a key process balancing the loss of combined nitrogen in the
marine nitrogen cycle. Its relevance in upwelling or high nutrient regions is still unclear, with …

Dust events have far-reaching and detrimental effects on the environment and human
populations, often crossing international borders and spanning vast distances. However, a …

Uncertainty in desert dust composition poses a big challenge to understanding Earth's
climate across different epochs. Of particular concern is hematite, an iron-oxide mineral …

Pathogenic fungi are a leading cause of crop disease and primarily spread through
microscopic, durable spores adapted differentially for both persistence and dispersal via …

Desert dust accounts for most of the atmosphere's aerosol burden by mass and produces
numerous important impacts on the Earth system. However, current global climate models …

The role of manganese (Mn) in ecosystem carbon (C) biogeochemical cycling is gaining
increasing attention. While soil Mn is mainly derived from bedrock, atmospheric deposition …

We implemented the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) in
both the high and low-top model versions of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 …